James Young was born in Glasgow in 1811. He attended Professor Thomas Graham's chemistry lectures at Anderson's University in 1830, became Graham's assistant in 1832 and followed him to University College, London in 1837. He became manager of the chemical works of James Muspratt, St Helens, Lancashire in 1838, and moved to Tennants, Clow & Co of Ardwick, Manchester in 1844. In 1848, Young established an oil refinery at Alfreton, Derbyshire with James Oakes, and in 1850 he was granted a 14 year patent for a process to extract oil from cannel coal. He subsequently entered into partnership with Edward Binney and Edward Meldrum for the manufacture of oils from Boghead cannel coal at Bathgate, West Lothian, and began the sale of paraffin. Young embarked on considerable litigation against other companies who had attempted to infringe his patent. In 1865, Young bought out his business partners and a year later established Young's Paraffin Light and Mineral Oil Company, with new works at Addiewell, Bathgate. He also patented other industrial processes.
James Young was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1861 and of the Royal Society in 1873. From 1868-1877 he was President of Anderson's University, and a great benefactor to the University. He founded the Young Chair of Technical Chemistry in 1869. He was a lifelong friend of David Livingstone, who had been a medical student at Anderson's University in the 1830s, and funded Livingstone's African expeditions. He was a keen yachtsman and made long voyages with family and friends on his yacht, 'Nyanza'. Young continued his scientific experiments in retirement, notably on the velocity of light, with Professor George Forbes of Anderson's University. In 1879, Young was awarded the degree of LLD of St Andrews University.
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Diaries and notebooks; correspondence; patents and legal cases; financial papers; technical and scientific notes; newspaper cuttings; educational and personal items.
The Young Papers were donated to the Royal College of Science and Technology in 1959 by Miss Alice Thom, grand-daughter of James Young.
Photographs of James Young [ref: GB 249 OP/4/36-41]
The Young Collection of rare books on chemistry and alchemy (Andersonian Library, University of Strathclyde) [https://www.strath.ac.uk/archives/specialcollections/]
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Detailed day by day accounts of jobs done in his father’s business, education, leisure and early interest in science.
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Contains a few chemical notes.
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Entitled 'Apparatus used in Class'. Lecture course in Natural Philosophy with apparatus used. Entries about scientific meeting at the back.
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Chemical notes.
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Account of visit to Dublin for the British Association. List of expenses and notes on meetings of scientific groups in Glasgow.
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Lists of materials.
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Household expenses.
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Details about customers, suppliers, plant and experimental production, payments to Young by Tennants, Clow and Co.
With enclosures: a memo, receipt and note relating to bleaching liquid; a letter from James L. Gibb, 1844.
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Household expenses.
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Endorsed inside cover, ‘James Young, Alkali Cottage, Newton’.
Addresses, expenses and receipt for a coffin, scale of operations, receipt of mineral raw materials and details of production and stocks of equipment.
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First mention of paraffin; James Young’s interest in the chemistry of dyestuffs, with the experiments carried out; addresses; accounts of production; list of garden seeds and plants to be bought; and list of his children’s birthdates.
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Mainly dealing with expenses and accounts. Also accounts of experiments in the chemistry of dyestuffs. List of the names and birthdates of his children.
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Personal affairs; cost of plant and equipment; wage bill; profits at St Rollox; experiments; and payment to Edward Meldrum.
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Endorsed on inside cover, 'James Young, Longsight Terrace, Manchester'. Lists of expenses for trips to Scotland, London and Rouen. Details of experiments in paraffin.
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Business affairs. Preparing to venture into business with Edward Binney and Edward Meldrum and details of cost. Information on Young’s attempts to discover if paraffin has been patented and his financial interest in the chemistry of dyestuffs.
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Very few entries. Details of an experiment, and a receipt from Manchester Flint Glass Works.
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Endorsed- 'J Young, Longsight Terrace, Manchester'.
Experiments with paraffin and burning oil; list of expenses and orders for paraffin; payments to Edward Meldrum and accounts at the bank.
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Endorsed on inside cover, 'James Young, Messrs Tennants Clow & Co, Manchester'. List of expenses and details of experiments.
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Endorsed on inside cover, 'James Young, Murrayfield, Edinburgh'. Details of experiments at Bathgate and expenses of visits to Scotland, Wales and France. Also weekly expense account for production at Bathgate.
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Mainly concerned with his work at Bathgate; obtaining witnesses for patent litigation; household expenses.
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Expenses on continental visit and experiments at Bathgate. (Many entries have been deleted and some pages have been torn out.)
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Endorsed, 'James Young, Murrayfield, Edinburgh'. Personal affairs; interest in preserving eggs; itemised accounts for business and household.
With enclosures; two newspaper cuttings, a receipt and a note in Young’s hand.
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Endorsed on inside cover, 'James Young of Easterhouse, Ballieston, Glasgow'. Deals with production at Bathgate; James Young’s will; a family holiday in Arran; visits to St Rollox and Paris; copper and tin patents; and itemised expenses and receipts.
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Mainly concerned with his work at Bathgate.
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List of his activities and record of his opinions about current business problems.
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His interest in the ideas of [Lebeg], geographical survey, work at Bathgate and his friendship with David Livingstone.
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Information on a visit to the continent. The Ardeer Works and the cost of its products.
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Details of experiments.
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Dealing with the design of paraffin lamps and his visit to the North of England.
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Mainly concerned with experiments; the Chemical Society with notes of meeting; experiments and production at Bathgate; and list of equipment to be ordered with costs.
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Endorsed, 'Limefield Laboratory'. Not written by James Young.
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Containing notes and statistics relating to Young’s Paraffin Light and Mineral Oil Company Ltd. Includes draft minute of agreement between James Young and James Pender and others for the formation of the company, 1865, (with a printed final copy attached); financial analysis of results of operations to 31 March 1866; report on the minerals near Addiewell by Dr Landale, December 1865; notes on joint stock companies involved in the mineral oil industry in Scotland (Airdrie Mineral Oil Co Ltd; Broxburn Shale Oil Co Ltd; Capledrae Oil and Coal Co Ltd; Midcalder Mineral Oil Co Ltd; Glasgow Oil Co. (Broxburn) Ltd; Glentore Mineral Oil Co Ltd; Dalserf Coal Coke and Oil Co Ltd , Monkland Oil Refining Co Ltd; Scottish Oil Co Ltd) giving names of directors, level of capital investments etc; various notes on petroleum and shale production and details of leases of land to Young’s Paraffin Light and Mineral Oil Co Ltd.
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List of daily tasks, stock of paraffin, details of contracts and books for the laboratory.
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Business and personal affairs. The scale of production of all oils is noted as 4 million gallons per year; £70,000 is required to complete the installation of new retorts and £30,000 for buildings. Disagreement with other directors and accident at work.
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Mainly business affairs, visit to Paris Exhibition, education of working men, yachting on the River Clyde, meeting at Anderson’s University, his interest in the gas companies in Glasgow and Edinburgh and his visit to the House of Lords because of the Gillespie vs. Young case.
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Business and personal entries - replacement of petrol retorts at Addiewell; Livingstone’s trustees; the Anderson’s University; listening to John Bright in the Music Hall and his own health.
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Dealing with Young’s visits to France, Italy and Egypt. Egyptian bonds, the death of David Livingstone, Karnak and Luxor, rock structure of the River Nile, a visit to Palestine and Jerusalem, the possession of David Livingstone’s journals, copy of the letter regarding bringing David Livingstone’s native servants to London and the publication of Thomas Graham’s papers.
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Written while James Young was abroad. Expresses admiration for Garibaldi in Italy, his interest in Art and deals with Egyptian Bonds.
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Kept while James Young was in Rome. Descriptions of life in the Mediterranean.
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Extensively used. Calculations appear in diary.
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Only one entry on the last page.
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Notes on experiments and industrial processes.
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Containing records of shift working and experiments, especially with treatments of natural fibres.
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Records of experiments.
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Contains addresses and notes on experiments.
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Laboratory notes and personal memos.
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'Chamber book' endorsed on inside cover. Notes about plant installations, earth borings for chimney foundations and list of scientific equipment required. Accounts and diagrams.
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All used but many entries have been erased.
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Thomas Graham, pioneer in physical chemistry, was born in Glasgow, the son of James Graham, a merchant and textile manufacturer. He was educated at Glasgow Grammar School and Glasgow University, where he graduated MA in 1824. Graham later studied medicine at Edinburgh University and worked in the chemical laboratory there. He was appointed Professor of Chemistry at Anderson's University in 1830. In order to gain the necessary medical recognition to be able to lecture on chemistry to the students at Anderson's Medical School, Graham submitted a successful probationary essay on gaseous diffusion to the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow. He also delivered lectures in the Glasgow Mechanics' Institution. In June 1837, Graham was appointed Professor of Chemistry at University College, London. He was active in the learned societies of the day - the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the British Association, the Chemical Society of London, the Royal Society and the Cavendish Society. He served as a chemical adviser to the government and was appointed Master of the Mint in 1855.
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Letter of introduction for A.D. Bache, President of Girard College, Philadelphia, to James Young.
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Informing her of his decision to leave Thomas Graham and work for Messrs James Muspratts.
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Informs Campbel of 'a college which is to be started near London' and that 'the chemical chair is not yet filled'. Written on the reverse of the ‘Synopsis of the course of instruction at the College of Civil Engineers’.
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Concerning the dyestuffs process.
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Gives Playfair details of an experiment which has proved James Young correct. Asks Playfair to deal with the patent and pass on his best wishes to his London friends.
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Concerning a patent.
Copy from wet press letter book.
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Concerning a letter which Young has received from Robinson dealing with patents.
Copy from wet press letter book.
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Dunlop is sending a sample to Young for investigation and report.
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Requesting Young’s assistance in preparing an acid sample.
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Dealing with patents and chemical matters.
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Regarding stannate of soda and an order Gordon Nilson will place for it.
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Dealing with chemistry.
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Acting on behalf of Greenwood Mercer and Barnes, he informs Tennants that they are infringing upon his clients' patent.
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Requesting Young to investigate the chemical composition of bone manure and informing him that the stannate of soda process may not be accepted in France by the customs.
Fragile
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Requesting a sample of caustic potash and its price.
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Regarding the stannate patent in America.
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Giving details of Young’s American patent for 'Improvements in the manufacture of Stannate of Soda or Potash'.
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Referring to the American patent for the stannate process.
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Lyon Playfair has told Dent of Young’s mineral oil and he would like a sample.
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Regarding the French patent, company accounts and Mercer’s Case.
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Enclosing balance sheets for January to July 1852 (not extant). Discussing stannate business.
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Advising Young to drop the French patent for stannate.
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Regarding the balance sheets and commercial success of the stannate process.
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Tennants strongly deny that they wish to change the division of profit between Young and themselves in regard to the production of stannate of soda.
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Hyde’s Carbon suit. Details of the case which is to be heard on 27 June 1854. Names of witnesses to be summoned and evidence to be supplied.
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Concerning dispositions and a proposed meeting between Young and himself in Glasgow.
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Copy letter. Legal matters concerned with the building of cottages in Bathgate. Both Young and Edward Binney mentioned in letter.
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Frederick Penny was born in London and studied chemistry at the Royal Institution under Michael Faraday. He was appointed to the Chair of Chemistry at Anderson's University in 1839, after a recommendation from Thomas Graham, and held the post until his death in 1869. His students included those attending Anderson's Medical School. In addition to his teaching at the University, Penny built up a lucrative private practice as an analytical chemist, and was involved in testing the quality of the water from Loch Katrine as a potential source for a new, clean water supply for the City of Glasgow. He gave expert evidence in criminal trials, specialising in poisoning cases such as the trial of Dr Pritchard for the murder of his wife and mother in law. His last years were embittered by the University's proposal to found a Chair in Technical Chemistry endowed by James Young, which Penny and his friend and colleague Dr James Adams vehemently opposed.
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Glasgow water supply question. Also mentions scheme for using sulphur fumes against Russian garrison at Constadt in the Crimea.
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Thomas Graham, pioneer in physical chemistry, was born in Glasgow, the son of James Graham, a merchant and textile manufacturer. He was educated at Glasgow Grammar School and Glasgow University, where he graduated MA in 1824. Graham later studied medicine at Edinburgh University and worked in the chemical laboratory there. He was appointed Professor of Chemistry at Anderson's University in 1830. In order to gain the necessary medical recognition to be able to lecture on chemistry to the students at Anderson's Medical School, Graham submitted a successful probationary essay on gaseous diffusion to the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow. He also delivered lectures in the Glasgow Mechanics' Institution. In June 1837, Graham was appointed Professor of Chemistry at University College, London. He was active in the learned societies of the day - the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the British Association, the Chemical Society of London, the Royal Society and the Cavendish Society. He served as a chemical adviser to the government and was appointed Master of the Mint in 1855.
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Business and personal news.
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Circular notifying members of meeting to be held in Glasgow. Printed.
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Asking Young to return balance sheet.
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Business matters.
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Includes a copy of a disclaimer with advocate’s opinion on its contents.
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Concerning the infringement of Young’s patents in America, the demand for oil there and the desirability of obtaining suitable coal from Scotland or England for making oil.
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Binney is unwell but will try to come to Scotland.
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Stating that Benedict and Boardman are to act only as legal agents. They have no power to dispose of the 'Colonial' patents.
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Concerning the American patent.
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The American patent, with postscript arranging a meeting with American businessmen for James Young.
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Binney arranging, if he is well enough, to come to Glasgow for a business meeting with Edward Meldrum, James Young and other parties.
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Binney is asking for Meldrum’s views on the American patent.
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Concerning the patent for coup oil from coal tar which is about to expire.
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Young asking Binney for a copy of the coup oil specification. Mentions discussing it with Meldrum.
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Regarding American patent case.
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Concerning the sale of some lands.
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Stating that he has received the American letter but does not think a reply is necessary.
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Both letters concern American patents and Binney's uncertainty over Young going to America, which Young denies suggesting seriously.
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Concerning American patents and Edward Binney’s uncertainty over James Young going to America.
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Concerning American patents. Also, James Young denies suggesting seriously a move to America.
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Discussing lamp patterns at the iron works and a petroleum contract. Mr Horley is also discussed.
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Young expresses his displeasure at not being kept in touch about legal action which is taking place in England. Encloses balance sheets (not found with letter).
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Regarding coup oil patents.
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Concerning balance sheets and competition from Clydesdale Chemical Company.
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Regarding Addiewell and its price.
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Appending a copy of a letter from James Rose at Edinburgh to Thomas Nicolson in Glasgow (18 March 1859) concerning Edward Binney and others versus the Clydesdale Chemical Company.
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Copying correspondence from Samuel Downer at Boston to Edward Binney (8 March 1859) and from Benedict and Boardman at New York to Edward Binney (8 March 1859) concerning the oil industry in America and James Young’s American patent.
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Discussing the possibility of Graham Miller and George Wilson acting as witnesses on their behalf.
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Discussing business matters, and mentions Edward Meldrum.
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Discussing the paraffin oil markets in America and also arranging a meeting with James Young and Edward Meldrum.
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Copying letters from Samuel Downer at Boston to Edward Binney (4 April 1859) and from Henry Twining at Haliax, Nova Scotia to Edward Binney (6 April 1859) concerning the American and Canadian patents for James Young’s paraffin process.
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Forwarding a letter from Walter [ ].
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Copying a letter from Nicolson to Andrew Hoden, W.S. at Edinburgh (2 May 1859) concerning Addiewell works.
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Copying a letter from Benedict and Boardman, New York, to Edward Binney (22 April 1859) concerning Young’s American patent.
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Copying a letter from Benedict and Boardman in New York to Edward Binney (21 May 1859) concerning Young’s American patent. Also discusses Scottish business.
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Young expresses no wish to go to America to deal with the patent.
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Copying correspondence between Edward Binney and George Bower (8 and 9 June 1859). Bower wishes to bring over a German scientist he knows to conduct experiments with shale. In his reply Binney warns him not to infringe upon Young’s patent. Also reference to Young’s American interests.
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Covering note for a letter written by Edward Meldrum which James Young is sending to James Oakes.
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Gives details of Binney’s business with [ ] Russel at Ilkley. Also gives details of farm prices.
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Concerns business with [ ] Russel.
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Copying letters from Henry Twining at Halifax, Nova Scotia to Edward Binney (22 June 1859) and from Edward Binney at Manchester to Russel and Son, at Boghead Collieries, Falkirk (11 July 1859) concerning Young’s Canadian patents and coal supplies to the [Addiewell] works.
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Young expresses his reluctance to be cross-examined in the American patent law-suits.
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Discussing freight charges from Bathgate to Morningside.
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Note regarding Binney’s dislike of an advertised disclaimer.
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Note regarding a compromise which may have to be reached.
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Concerning the renting of shales.
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Concerning the renting of shales.
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Informing Binney that he has received a letter from Edward Meldrum with a proposed advertisement.
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Copying a letter from Benedict and Boardman at New York to Edward Binney at Manchester (15 July 1859) regarding Young’s American patent and the prospect of legal action against the New York Columbian Oil Company.
Also includes a note from James Young to Edward Binney acknowledging receipt of this letter, 3 August 1859.
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Copying a letter from [E.W.] Turner at Liverpool to Edward Binney at Manchester (22 August 1859) regarding a sample of paraffin which has been sent from Turner’s firm in Birkenhead.
Also includes notes from James Young to Edward Binney acknowledging receipt of this letter, 24 August 1859.
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Concerning the purchase price of petroleum.
Copy from wet press letter book.
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Copying a letter from James Rose at Edinburgh to Edward Binney at Manchester (5 September 1859) concerning legal action against the Clydesdale Company.
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Referring to the Clydesdale case.
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Copying a letter Binney has sent to James Rose (13 September 1859) concerning the action against the Clydesdale Company. Expresses little faith in Rose.
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The candles which Binney has left with him are not pure paraffin. American business.
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Covering note for ten letters and telegrams Young has sent on to Binney. Young wishes letters to be returned to him.
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Enclosing a copy of a letter from Benedict and Boardman (13 October 1859) discussing an American patent.
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Copying correspondence between Edward Binney and Dr Frankland and Professor Harrington both of St Bartholomews Hospital, London (31 October 1859- 3 November 1859) who have been gathering information for James Young concerning the Clydesdale case and the American patents.
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Discussing information which James Young has found and has transcribed and translated.
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Research on books by [Johann] Poggandorff.
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Letter regarding the railways and grease made by Edward Binney and Company. Letter has been extensively altered.
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Concerning a fire in London and its consequences. Some people intend to prosecute James Young for nuisance.
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Copying correspondence between Binney and James Rose at Edinburgh (4 and 7 November 1859). Concerning the case against the Clydesdale Chemical Company.
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Regarding grease and railways.
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Concerning Edward Binney’s marriage.
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Copying letter from Henry Twining at Nova Scotia to Binney (1 November 1859) concerning an infringement of Young’s patent by the New Brunswick Oil Company.
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Copying correspondence between Binney and James Russel and Son, colliers, Falkirk and Edward Meldrum, Bathgate, (14 November 1859) concerning the coal contract for the [Boghall] works.
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Regarding Clydesdale case and American patent.
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David Livingstone was born at Blantyre, Lanarkshire and studied at Anderson's University Medical School, 1836-1839.
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Note under flap explaining possible delay in mail. (Letter is not extant).
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Discussing a coal contract. Includes an answer from Edward Meldrum.
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Concerning a coal contract and its terms. Postscript discusses a paraffin test.
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Copying a letter from Benedict and Boardman at New York to Binney (25 November 1859) dealing with the American patent.
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Regarding James Young’s lead in the field of refining; also forthcoming trip to Niagara.
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Concerning a patent of James Young. Napier copies a letter written to him by William [Carpmael].
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Copying correspondence he has had with Messrs Chance Brothers and Company regarding Young’s patent for glass making.
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Copying a letter Binney has sent to James Rose concerning the Clydesdale Company suit (16 January 1860).
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Concerning further lawsuits in America and financial news received from Edward Meldrum.
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Concerning legal matters.
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Copies an extract from Engineering, January 1858 on the 'Proposed tunnel between England and France'. Also discusses the glass patents.
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Invitation to dinner.
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Legal matters concerning the Clydesdale case. Mentions Mr Clark and Mr Shand.
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Legal matters concerning the Clydesdale case.
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Concerning legal matters.
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Letter concerning a legal agreement with Mr Downer.
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Personal matters and the tin patent.
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Asking for instructions on how to deal with Mr Downer.
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Enclosing a letter from John Graham (not extant). Refers to Mr Downer and 'all the Kerosene folks' as a 'pack of unmitigated scoundrels'. Argues that Young’s time would be better spent at home.
A court commission has been sent to examine Baron [Reichtenbach] in Vienna.
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Regarding the glass process and Messrs Chance Brothers, copying correspondence he has had with them.
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Concerning the agreement between James Young and Downer.
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Hopes that Young will interest American businessman in his glass process. Also mentions Captain Duncan.
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Financial and business matters. Meldrum’s views on Young’s trip to America. Mentions John Young their agent. Postscript deals with an accident at the [Boghall] works.
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Letter deals with the Clydesdale case and an account of the new plant installation. Also some family news.
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Copying a letter from Messrs Chance Brothers to Napier concerning the glass process.
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Letter regarding financial agreements in America and advice from Mr Boardman. Also information on Dr Smith’s trip to Vienna to investigate Baron Reichtenbach’s activities.
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Dr Smith has gone to Vienna to investigate Baron Reichtenbach. Also news of a patent case in Edinburgh involving Mr [ ] Macnaughton.
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Regarding the glass process and the business of paraffin lamps. Also some local news.
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Regarding a note (T-YOU/2/126) [https://www.ica-atom.org/strathclyde/letter-from-lucien-birdseye-of-messrs-birdseye-sommers-and-johnson-attorneys-at-new-york-to-andrew-boardman%3bisad] sent to Boardman from [Lucien] Birdseye and an agreement with the Kerosene Company. Boardman suggests a meeting with Young at Brooklyn. Sketch map included.
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Concerning meeting of the Board of Directors of an unidentified company and royalties paid to Young.
See T-YOU/2/125 [https://www.ica-atom.org/strathclyde/letter-from-arthur-boardman-at-new-york-to-james-young-2;isad].
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Concern that American oil companies are going to combine against his patent.
Wet press copy removed from unidentified letter book.
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Covering letter for two unidentified letters. Mentions Messrs Chance Brothers.
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Enclosing a copy of the report on the case of [E.W. Binney and Co against Clydesdale Chemical Co] (report not found with letter). Stenhouse believes Young’s case is strong.
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Containing correspondence with David Livingstone, Edward Meldrum and William Dittmar.
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Subjects range from personal to business.
Contents:
1. Young to Dr. Livingstone, 5 November 1860.
2. Young to Meldrum, 6 November 1860.
3. Young to Rae, 6 November 1860.
4. Young to Nicolson and Steven, 7 November 1860.
5. Young to Meldrum, 7 November 1860.
6. Young to Meldrum, December 1860.
7. Young to Kirk, December 1860.
8. Young to Mrs. Livingston, December 1860.
9. Young to Binney, 10 December 1860.
10. Young to Meldrum, 10 December 1860.
11. Young to Rae, 10 December 1860.
12. Young to ?, 10 December 1860.
13. Young to Shaw, 11 December 1860.
14. Young to Binney, 15 December 1860.
15. Young to the Rev. W. Radcliffe, 28 February 1861.
16. Young to Dr. Livingstone, 4 March l86l.
17. Young to Dr. Stenhouse, 4 March l86l.
18. Young to Meldrum, 5 March l86l.
19. Young to Messrs. Tennants & Co., 5 March l86l.
20. Young to Gray, 5 March l86l.
21. Young to A.G. Kidstone & Co., 6 March l86l.
22. Young to J.C. Christie, 5 March l86l.
23. Young to James Graddy, 2 May 1862.
24. Young to ?, 3 May 1862.
25. Young to Dr. Livingstone, 3 May 1862.
26. Young to Gossage, 5 April 1862.
27. Young to Dr. Smith, 5 April 1862.
28. Young to ?, 5 April 1862.
29. Young to Miss Geddes, no date.
30. Young to ?, 5 May 1862.
31. Young to ?, 5 May 1862.
32. Young to John Macpherson, 5 May 1862.
33. Young to Bough, 5 May 1862.
34. Young to ?, 5 May 1862.
35. Young to ?, 8 May 1862.
36. Young to ?, no date.
37. Young to James Laurie, no date.
38. Young to Meldrum, 13 May 1862.
39. Young to Nicolson etc., 13 May 1862.
40. Young to Bartholomew, 13 May 1862.
41. Young to Mr. Stewart, 13 May 1862.
42. Young to ?, 13 May 1862.
43. Young to Napier, 14 May 1862.
44. Young to ?, 15 May 1862.
45. Young to Napier, 15 May 1862.
46. Young to Meldrum, 15 May 1862.
47. Young to Napier, 20 May 1862.
48. Young to Binney, 20 May 1862.
49. Young to Meldrum, 20 May 1862.
50. Young to Bryson, 20 May 1862.
51. Young to Napier, 22 May 1862.
52. Young to Rae, 23 May 1862.
53. Young to G.H. Wallace, 23 May 1862.
54. Young to Meldrum, 25 May 1862.
55. Young to G.H. Wallace, no date.
56. Young to Meldrum, 25 May 1862.
57. Young to ?, 2 June 1862.
58. Young to ?, 2 June 1862.
59. Young to Meldrum, 2 June 1862.
60. Young to Morrison, no date.
61. Young to Morrison, 3 June 1862.
62. Young to B.W. Simmons, 3 June 1862.
63. Young to Meldrum, 6 June 1862.
64. Young to Hofmann, 6 June 1862.
65. Young to Rae, 7 June 1862.
66. Young to Professor Graham, 9 June 1862.
67. Young to Messrs Tod and MacGregor regarding Livingstone's boat, 10 June 1862
68. Young to Meldrum, 10 June 1862.
69. Young to Thomas Nicolson, 10 June 1862.
70. Young to Dr. Buchanan regarding Livingstone's boat, 14 June 1862.
71. Young to Hofmann, 16 June 1862.
72. Young to Dr. Smith, 14 June 1862.
73. Young to W. Siemens regarding regenerator plant, 18 June 1862.
74. Young to J.H. Johnson regarding contract for above, 18 June 1862.
75. Young to G.H. Wallace, 19 June 1862.
76. Young to J.B. Braithwaite, 19 June 1862.
77. Young to Charles L. Braithwaite, 19 June 1862.
78. Young to Dr. Buchanan, 19 June 1862.
79. Young to James Hannan, 19 June 1862.
80. Young to ?, 19 June 1862.
81. Young to Dr. Smith, 28 June 1862.
82. Young to Rae, 31 July 1862.
83. Young to J.H. Johnson regarding Siemens contract, 31 July 1862.
84. Young to J.H. Johnson, 4 August 1862.
85. Young to Rae regarding business loss at Manchester, 7 August 1862.
86. Young to G.H. Wallace regarding gas shares, 7 August 1862
87. Young to Playfair, 7 August 1862.
88. Young to Shaw, 8 August 1862.
89. Young to Brown, 8 August 1862.
90. Young to Rae regarding business loss, 11 August 1862.
91. Young to Shaw regarding lamp design, 11 August 1862.
92. Young to Dr. Smith regarding Young's fundamentalism and atomic chemistry, 11 August 1862.
93. Young to Frankland regarding lamp design, 13 August 1862.
94. Young to Rae regarding business loss, 15 August 1862.
95. Young to Hofmann regarding Young's view of himself, 16 August 1862.
96. Young to ?, 19 August 1862.
97. Young to Rae, 20 August 1862.
98. Young to Meldrum regarding the Fernie case, 20 August 1862.
99. Young to Meldrum regarding the Fernie case, 21 August 1862.
100. Young to Messrs. Nicolson and Steven, 21 August 1862.
101. Young to Rae, 22 August 1862.
102. Young to Shaw, 22 August 1862.
103. Young to Meldrum, 22 August 1862.
104. Young to ?, no date.
105. Young to Meldrum, 25 August 1862.
106. Young to ?, 25 August 1862.
107. Young to Meldrum, 26 August 1862.
108. Young to Shaw, 27 August 1862.
109. Young to Binney, 26 August 1862.
110. Young to Rae regarding business loss, 27 August 1862.
111. Young to ? regarding Livingstone's children, 28 August 1862.
112. Young to Meldrum, 28 August 1862.
113. Young to ?, 28 August 1862.
114. Young to Meldrum regarding the Fernie case, 2 September 1862.
115. Young to Thomas Hodge, 2 September 1862.
116. Young to Dr. Muller, 3 September 1862.
117. Young to ? regarding Young as an author, 4 September 1862.
118. Young to Professor Forehammier, 4 September 1862.
119. Young to Playfair, 15 September 1862.
120. Young to Thomas Spencer, 15 September 1862.
121. Young to Nicolson, 15 September 1862.
122. Young to Macfarlane, 15 September 1862.
123. Young to Moore, 15 September 1862.
124. Young to Bartholomew, 15 September 1862. Young to a close college friend and business associate.
125. Young to Bryson, 15 September 1862.
126. Young to Moore, 18 September 1862.
127. Young to Robert Livingstone, 18 September 1862. Regarding death of Mrs. Livingstone; Robert clearly an erring son.
128. Young to ? regarding Livingstone, 18 September 1862.
129. Young to Mrs. Rae regarding Livingstone, 18 September 1862.
130. Young to J.H. Johnson regarding lawyer's costs, 20 September 1862.
131. Young to Dr. Buchanan regarding Livingstone’s son, 24 September 1862.
132. Young to Dr. Buchanan regarding Livingstone's son, 25 September 1862.
133. Young to Nicolson regarding Livingstone’s son, 25 September 1862.
134. Young to Shaw, 27 September 1862.
135. Young to Bartholomew, 27 September 1862.
136. Young to Shaw, 27 September 1862.
137. Young to John Jameson, 27 September 1862.
138. Young to Thomas Hodge, 1 October 1862.
139. Young to G.H. Wallace, 6 October 1862.
140. Young to Thom, 6 October 1862.
141. Young to Brown, 17 October 1862.
142. Young to ?, 17 October 1862.
143. Young to Brown regarding advertising, 20 October 1862.
144. Young to Dr. Goold, 20 October 1862.
145. Young to R. Grant ,20 October 1862.
146. Young to ?, 20 October 1862.
147. Young to Dr. Smith regarding gravity, 20 October 1862.
148. Young to Dr. Smith regarding the petroleum bill, 20 October 1862.
149. Young to Brown, 23 October 1862.
150. Young to Brown, 24 October 1862.
151. Young to Bartholomew, 25 October 1862.
152. Young to Shaw, 25 October 1862.
153. Young to Miss Livingstone regarding Robert Livingstone, 27 October 1862.
154. Young to Nicolson, 27 October 1862.
155. Young to Hofmann, 30 October 1862.
156. Young to Rae, 3 November 1862.
157. Young to Dr. Livingstone, 3 November 1862. Many good personal details.
158. Young to Playfair, no date.
159. Young to Baird, 1 December 1862.
160. Young to Dr. Smith, 3 December 1862.
161. Young to Dr. Buchanan regarding Livingstone's boats, 8 December 1862.
162. Young to Messrs. Tod and MacGregor, 10 December 1862.
163. Young to Messrs. Tod and MacGregor, 10 December 1862.
164. Young to ?, 10 December 1862.
165. Young to Dr. Smith, 10 December 1862.
166. Young to Ferguson, 11 December 1862.
167. Young to ? regarding lamps for mines and Young's sympathy for miners, 11 December 1862.
168. Young to ? regarding Young's understanding of the currency exchanges, 12 December 1862.
169. Young to ?, 16 December 1862.
170. Young to ?, 8 January 1863.
171. Young to ?, 8 January 1863.
172. Young to G.H. Wallace, 15 January 1863.
173. Young to ?, 17 January 1863.
174. Young to Moore, 17 January 1863.
175. Young to Miss Geddes, 17 January 1863.
176. Young to Dr. Wallace, 19 January 1863.
177. Young to ?, 21 January 1863.
178. Young to Bryson, 21 January 1863.
179. Young to G.H. Wallace, 21 January 1863.
180. Young to Napier, 3 February 1863.
181. Young to Messrs. Malloch regarding Young's greenhouse repairs, 7 February 1863.
182. Young to Rae, 20 February 1863.
183. Young to Rae, 26 February 1863.
184. Young to ?, 26 February 1863.
185. Young to Dr. Frankland, 28 February 1863.
186. Young to Rae, 6 March 1863.
187. Young to ?, regarding Young's view of his own invention, 6 March 1863.
188. Young to Rae, 13 March 1863.
189. Young to Rae, 20 March 1863.
190. Young to Brown, 20 March 1863.
191. Young to Napier, 20 March 1863.
192. Young to Dr. Smith, 24 March 1863.
193. Young to Brown, 24 March 1863.
194. Young to ?, 26 March 1863.
195. Young to Napier, 30 March 1863.
196. Young to ?, 30 March 1863.
197. Young to ?, 31 March 1863.
198. Young to G.H. Wallace, 31 March 1863.
199. Young to Napier, 31 March 1863.
200. Young to Rae, 1 April 1863.
201. Young to J.H. Johnson, 4 April 1863.
202. Young to ?, no date.
203. Young to Wm. McBeath, 6 April 1863.
204. Young to J.R. Swann, 8 April 1863.
205. Copies of letters or entries from Livingstone's journals.
206. Separate copy of a letter to Rae, 21 August 1862.
Several letters are illegible or partially legible.
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Includes transcript of letter from James Young to William Dittmar (4 January 1870).
This letter book contains copies made by Young of his private letters. Several are illegible but the following can be read with varying degrees of difficulty:
1. To Mr Gellaitly, from Paris asking for the results of his experiments, 3 July 1867.
2. To his son James, from Paris, 5 July 1867.
3. To H. Hill, regarding Young's lamp and oil ship, 6 July 1867.
4. Further letter about the shop to Playfair.
5. To Professor Williamson, July 1867.
6. To Bartholomew regarding 'The Paris Exhibition', 13 July 1867.
7. To Peter MacLagen, 15 July 1867.
8. To Mr. Love, 16 July 1867.
9. To Professor Williamson, 17 July 1867.
10. Receipt for £125. 15. 0d., 17 August 1867.
11. To Professor Williamson regarding lamp design, 17 August 1867.
12. To his aunt, 17 August 1867 arranging a meeting.
13. To J.H. Johnson regarding cheque for £53. 3. 0d., August 1867.
14. Letter about funds for Dr. Livingstone.
15. Letter about Livingstone and his family.
16. Letter from Rome regarding Young's subscriptions to learned Society, 27 December 1869.
17. Letter regarding Young and Rome life, 24 December 1869.
18. Letter to his son James, 28 December 1869. His son to
come to Rome.
19. Letter regarding hisaccount and arguments about theology, 28 December 1869.
20. Letter, Hogmanay 1870. More on Theology.
21. To Dittmar regarding Andersonian appointment, 4 January 1870.
22. To Bartholomew, 4 January 1870.
23. Letter to MacPherson from the Piraeus giving his sailing itinerary, 21 January 1870.
24. The murder of Livingstone. Telegram sent by Young from Constantinople.
25. Letter from Alexandria 18 February 1870.
26. Letter from Nice, 4 May 1870. The crew's wives to be paid.
27. Letter to Moore & Brown, 2 September 1872.
28. Letter to James Aytoun regarding Livingstone's letters, 2 September 1872.
29. Letter to George Forbes regarding Andersonian appointment, 2 September 1872.
30. Letter to Moore & Brown, 3 September 1872. Young’s
financial agents.
31. Note to the Union Bank of Scotland regarding payment to Young's account, 3 September 1872
32. Letter to Mr. Thomson, 3 September 1872.
33. Letter to William Crawford, 6 September 1872.
34. List of applications for the chair of medical jurisprudence and natural philosophy at the Andersonian.
35. Letter to George Forbes, 5 September 1872, asking him to stay.
36. Letter to R.J. Findlay regarding Stanley and Livingstone affair, 6 September 1872.
37. Further letter about the Livingstone affair, 8 September 1872.
38. Letter to the directors of Young's paraffin company, 30 August 1872.
39. Letter to Nicolson about the above letter, 11 September 1872.
40. Letter to Mrs. Jessie Reid regarding talk on
minerals at the Andersonian museum, 13 September 1872.
41. Letter to the Lord Provost of Glasgow about a statue to Livingstone, 13th September 1872.
42. Letter to T.B. Thonston regarding map of the Lakes Regent, 14 September 1872.
43. Letter to Clark regarding Young’s interest in art, 16 September 1872.
44. Letter to Stephen Miller, 16 September 1872. Apology for not attending a funeral.
45. Letter regarding lady for interview, 16 September 1872.
46. Letter to J.S. Brown regarding Young's soda process and France, 19 October 1872.
47. Letter to the Rev. Horace Waller regarding the Livingstone affair, 19 October 1872.
48. Letter, 27 January 1873.
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Pages 1-18 have been torn from this volume, and all the remaining pages are unused.
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Letter informing Young that he has been elected an ordinary fellow of the Royal Society.
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Legal matters dealing with Mr Gillespie and the repeal of a patent granted to James Young.
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In connection with legal matters concerning the Macrae case.
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Dealing with the purchase of statuary in Edinburgh. Also purifying the smell of burning oil. Playfair conveys his thanks to Young for the gifts to his wife and daughters.
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Personal and social.
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Concerning a possible forthcoming legal battle with Mr Gillespie.
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Requesting Young to preside over a meeting to be addressed by H.M. Stanley.
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Personal letter, thanking Young for the kindness shown to his brother.
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Covering note for an enclosed letter (not extant) concerning an unidentified dispute involving a brother and a friend of the writer.
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Note to Young telling him of his whereabouts.
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Playfair is going to address the British Association meeting on matters relating to Young’s patent.
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Inviting him to attend a meeting of French chemists and physicists in the Royal Palace. Mention of Monsieur Dumas.
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Referring to the fact that Young is about to recruit Hofmann’s assistant.
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Wishing Young well for the New Year.
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Regarding the publication of the David Livingstone papers.
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Concerning the chemistry of dyestuffs.
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Regarding a dispute over the transfer of the [Addiewell] works to the [Young Paraffin] Limited Company. Incomplete.
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Seal damaged.
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3 versions of draft specifications.
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Affidavits and note.
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Indenture and related memorandum.
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Respecting the Asphaltum Mine at Hillsborough, in the county of Albert and Province of New Brunswick. Printed pamphlet with map of Asphaltum Mine included.
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Printed copy of patent letter.
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Bound Patent Office Reports belonging to James Young.
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Pages 1-52 are missing.
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Manuscript report of evidence for the defence against James Young with regard to a letter patent.
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Manuscript list submitted to Young’s attorneys Benedict and Boardman in New York by the defendants’ attorneys, Birdseye, Sommers and Johnston relating to an unidentified legal case.
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Unkown person claiming that he discovered Paraffin could be produced from coal through his own experiments and conclusions. (Incomplete).
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With regard to the suits against the Columbian Oil Company and Glendon Oil Company and the contracts with Mr Downer and the Portland Company, New York. 19 March 1860.
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Edward Binney & Company versus the Clydesdale Chemical Company, from 1-7 November 1860, for the infringement of patent for the manufacture of paraffin oil and paraffin from bituminous coal.
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Manuscript declarations in support of a Petition for a Writ of Scire Facias by William Gillespie, Thomas Carlisle, Samuel Lees, William Miller, James Robertson, Alexander MacNaughton and William Denny Ruck.
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Affidavits by James Young; by Joseph Ashton, James Hurst, George Railton, John Johnston, Sir Robert Kane, William Sullivan, Frederick Penny, Thomas Richardson, Robert Warrington, John Stenhouse, Theophilus Redwood, Robert Hunt, Robert Thomson, William Odling, Edward Frankland, Henry Letheby, William Collett Hamersham and Astley Paston Price; by Frederick Penny, Sir Robert Kane, Lyon Playfair, William Sullivan and Robert Hunt; by J. Braithwaite, William Brande, Alfred Swaine, Dugald Campbell and William Miller; by William Collett Hamersham.
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Seal detached and damaged.
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T-YOU 3/37/1 [https://www.ica-atom.org/strathclyde/printed-volume-of-appellants;isad]
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Box titled W & JH Johnson 47 Lincolns Inn Fields & Glasgow.
Seal slightly damaged.
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Containing a collection of 22 patents issued between 1681 and 1850 relating to the manufacture of pitch, tar, oil and gas.
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Draft manuscript report of paper published in the Transactions of the Manchester Geological Society, Volume 1, 1841.
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The last page is written on the back of a Mechanics Institution of Manchester Fifth Polytechnic Exhibition, Christmas 1844-1845 season ticket for James Young.
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Printed pamphlet from the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society’s Memoirs Volume 8, 1848.
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Notes on weather, temperature and co-ordinates during voyage.
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A lecture at the Royal Institution by Dr Lyon Playfair, transcribed by James Young.
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With extract from ‘Dumas’ Volume 1 p. 419.
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Newspaper cuttings reporting miscellaneous current events, legal cases in the oil industry, news of Dr Livingstone, oil manufacture and trade, explosive coal oils and paraffin lamps, Young’s paraffin oil patent, The Royal Institution and The International Exhibition in 1862.
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Newspaper cuttings from Manchester Guardian 1 March 1845 and 1 September 1851; Falkirk Herald 9 September 1852; Illustrated London News 31 May 1857.
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Regarding the previous week’s court proceedings for the Torbanehill coal case, p. 8.
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Regarding court proceedings.
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Regarding a fire at William’s Kerosene Oil Works in America. Source unknown.
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Newspaper cuttings including obituary notices of James Young, 1883-1884, a cutting relating to the search for David Livingstone, 1873, and a handwritten draft and a typed version of a poem for James Young by Rachel B. Merrylas.
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Items relating to Young's education; articles and reports on the paraffin industry.
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James Young’s signed class tickets for: Chemistry at the Mechanics Class 1830-1831; Anderson’s University 1831-1832; Natural History at the Mechanics Class 1832-1833.
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James Young’s signed class ticket for astronomy.
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Young was a life member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science and member of its General Committee, 1859-1863.
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Signed admission tickets for James Young with maps of the host city including:
Dublin 1835;
Glasgow 1840;
Manchester 1842;
Oxford 1847;
Birmingham 1849;
Edinburgh 1850;
Ipswich 1851;
Liverpool 1854;
James Young and Edward Meldrum’s tickets for Glasgow 1855;
Aberdeen 1859;
Associate and Member’s ticket for Newcastle 1863;
Dundee 1867.
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Mentions James Young's ability both conducting experiments and also lecturing during Graham's absence through illness.
Original letter and typed transcript.
Original letter presented by Miss Alice Thom, 1951.
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James Young’s signed ticket for the Royal Institution’s weekly evening meeting.
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James Young's signed subscriber’s ticket for September-December 1844;
Miss Young’s signed Fifth Polytechnic Exhibition ticket for Christmas 1844-1845;
James Young’s signed subscriber’s ticket June-September 1847.
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Printed broadsheets from unknown source.
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Printed booklet including two maps printed on tissue paper.
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James Young’s signed ticket including a map of Edinburgh.
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Endorsed to James Young with respects from the author.
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Printed broadsheet from unknown source. pp.100-101.
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Coal specimen wrapped in noted paper.
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Endorsed to James Young with author's compliments.
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Photograph taken by James Mudd, Manchester. In envelope stamped Kelly, Wemyss Bay by Greenock, home of James Young.
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Not known whether this was James Young.
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James Young’s signed class ticket for unknown institution.
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Endorsed with notes by Miss A Thom. Both photographs include handwritten notes on reverse side by Miss Thom accounting the relevance of the images to James Young.
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Photocopy of typed transcript.
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Typed transcript.
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Photocopy of a typed extract from a poem about James Young written by William Miller and a biography of Miller from the Dictionary of National Biography 1908 volume 13.
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Photostat copy of policy document.
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Photostat copy of letter.
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Photostat copy of cash book.
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Regarding the prefabricated boat ‘Lady Nyassa’ and Livingstone’s family affairs.
Photostat copy of letters with typed transcripts, from copy letter-books.
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Photocopy of letter, from original located at the National Library of Scotland. Includes typed transcript.
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Letter gives dates of the marriage of Young’s parents and the state of trade. Photostat copy of letter.
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Letter describes Garibaldi’s attendance at a concert at the Crystal Palace. Photocopy of typed transcript.
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Regarding the Young Chair of Technical Chemistry and establishment controversy.
List and 2 copies of typed extracts.
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Photocopy of manuscript volume by Robert Wright of the 1869-1870 diary with transcript by Mrs Hamilton.
Acc 736
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Bound photocopy volume.
Acc 736
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Photocopy extract from an article in ‘Good Words’ by Robert Angus Smith 1875 pp. 141-144, 264-269.
Acc 736
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Negative photostat
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Photocopy extract.
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Photocopy extract from ‘Memoirs and portraits on one hundred Glasgow men’ by John Ferguson, Volume 2, pp. 341-342.
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Includes brief chronology of ownership.
Photocopy.
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Photocopy extract.
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Includes extract from the will of James Young, 1883.
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1 box of loose draft papers for the catalogue 'Bibliotheca Chemica' and 2 final copies of Volume II.
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Granting authority to alter scheme for the administration of bequest by the late Thomas Graham Young.
Photocopy extract.
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A.P.O.C [Anglo-Persian Oil Company] magazine volume 1 number 3 January 1925 including a mounted print and negative of the drawing of Addiewell Works used in the magazine; Volume 10 number 3 May 1934; Volume 10 number 4 July 1934; Volume 22 number 3 June 1946; Volume 23 number 5 October 1947; Volume 26 number 3 June 1950.
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The Deeside Field, Volume 4, pp.15-19.
Photocopy incomplete (photograph of the house missing).
Original located in Glasgow University Library.
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Article printed in 'The chemist and Druggist’ special issue June 25 1938.
Gives background information on alchemy and alchemical books and mentions the Young Collection.
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Pamphlet containing a biographical article reprinted from ‘Oil, Shale and Cannel Coal’ published by the Institute of Petroleum.
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Pamphlet containing an article offprint from ‘Oil, Shale and Cannel Coal’ published by the Institute of Petroleum.
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Includes related correspondence with Miss A Thom.
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Article published in ‘Scotland’ July 1950 referring to James Young’s role in the Shale industry.
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Typescript notes relating to comments made in Young’s letter 19 April 1839 discussing the need for a civil engineering school.
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Magazine article in Shell BP News No. 126 1958 with reference to James Young in an article on Scottish oils.
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Magazine by BP Volume 34 Number 5, 1958, with reference to James Young including a photograph of Miss Thom in an article on Scottish oils.
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Photocopy of published letter printed in ‘Nature’ Volume 182, 1958 regarding W.H. Perkin and the establishment controversy.
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Publication by Pall Mall Press in 1959 on James Young.
2 copies, second copy donated by Stirlingshire County Library, 1971.
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Pamphlet describing James Young’s work in the oil industry.
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Extracts taken from the General Register Office 11 May 1967.
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Typed sheet of notes.
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Typed sheet.
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Reprinted articles from ‘The Chemical Engineer’ No.231 October 1969 and No.254 October 1971 with reference to James Young and the Young Chair of Technical Chemistry.
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Newspaper cutting in relation to the centenary celebrations of the establishment of the Young Chair of Technical Chemistry printed in the Glasgow Herald 17 November 1970 and 20 November 1970.
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Typed sheet of notes regarding Ferguson’s slow progress in producing the catalogue. No author.
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Precis of account of unveiling ceremony published in Glasgow Herald and extract from minutes of the governors and committees annual report in 1907.
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Newscutting from the Scottish News No.43, 1971.
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Includes information on 'The Baptism of Jordan’ and 'The Baptist in the wilderness’. Typed memorandum. By C.G. Wood.
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Draft paper and published edition in ‘Chemistry and Industry’ 1971 presented on the occasion of the centenary of the Young Chair of Technical Chemistry at the University of Strathclyde in 1970.
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Includes photograph of Young’s great-great- granddaughter Mrs Elizabeth MacKenzie. Newspaper cutting from West Lothian Courier.
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Newscutting of an article on Scottish Shale Oil Industry mentioning James Young in Glasgow Evening Citizen 1973.
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Article in the ‘Esso Magazine’ Volume 22 No. 2, pp. 21-25.
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Cuttings from 1974 Motor magazine pp. 49-55 on the early oil pioneers including erroneous information on James Young stating that he was a Persian oil pioneer who personally treated many thousands of medical cases.
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Photocopy of chapter on paraffin produced at Mandal, Norway from 1862 using Young’s processes in VAMPLEW, W Salvesen of Leith Scottish Academic Press pp. 55-73.
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Article published in 'The Lamp’ 1976 and reprint in Dutch for ‘Essobron’ 1977 including correspondence from 17 March 1977 to 21 November 1977 with the publishers and the University of Strathclyde.
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No author.
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